RF is different from laser energy and is defined as a noni- onizing electromagnetic radiation in a frequency range between 3 kHz to 300 GHz16. RF is also chromophore independent and induces a heat response depending on the electrical properties of the tissue. Initial collagen dena- turation within these thermally modified tissues is thought to explain the immediate tissue contraction, with sub- sequent neocollagenesis further tightening the dermal tissue6,17. The INNOfill device used in this study is a minimally invasive needle RF device newly developed for filler injections; it is capable of delivering high-energy fluencies directly to the dermis.