Mono Lake occupies part of the Mono Basin, an endorheic basin that has no outlet to the ocean. Dissolved salts in the runoff thus remain in the lake and raise the water's pH levels and salt concentration. The tributaries of Mono Lake include Lee Vining Creek, Rush Creek and Mill Creek which flows through Lundy Canyon.
The basin was formed by geological forces over the last five million years: basin and range crustal stretching and associated volcanism and faulting at the base of the Sierra Nevada. Five million years ago, the Sierra Nevada was an eroded set of rolling hills and Mono Basin and Owens Valley did not yet exist.
From 4.5 to 2.6 million years ago, large volumes of basalt were extruded around what is now Cowtrack Mountain (east and south of Mono Basin); eventually covering 300 square miles (780 km2) and reaching a maximum thickness of 600 feet (180 m). Later volcanism in the area occurred 3.8 million to 250,000 years ago. This activity was northwest of Mono Basin and included the formation of Aurora Crater, Beauty Peak, Cedar Hill (later an island in the highest stands of Mono Lake), and Mount Hicks.
Mono Lake is believed to have formed at least 760,000 years ago, dating back to the Long Valley eruption. Sediments located below the ash layer hint that Mono Lake could be a remnant of a larger and older lake that once covered a large part of Nevada and Utah, which would put it among the oldest lakes in North America. At its height during the most recent ice age, the lake would have been about 900 feet (270 m) deep. Prominent old shore lines, called strandlines by geologists, can be seen west of the Lake.
Currently, Mono Lake is in a geologically active area at the north end of the Mono–Inyo Craters volcanic chain and is close to Long Valley Caldera. Volcanic activity continues in the Mono Lake vicinity: the most recent eruption occurred 350 years ago, resulting in the formation of Paoha Island. Panum Crater (on the south shore of the lake) is an excellent example of a combined rhyolite dome and cinder cone.
Mono Lake occupies part of the Mono Basin, an endorheic basin that has no outlet to the ocean. Dissolved salts in the runoff thus remain in the lake and raise the water's pH levels and salt concentration. The tributaries of Mono Lake include Lee Vining Creek, Rush Creek and Mill Creek which flows through Lundy Canyon.The basin was formed by geological forces over the last five million years: basin and range crustal stretching and associated volcanism and faulting at the base of the Sierra Nevada. Five million years ago, the Sierra Nevada was an eroded set of rolling hills and Mono Basin and Owens Valley did not yet exist.From 4.5 to 2.6 million years ago, large volumes of basalt were extruded around what is now Cowtrack Mountain (east and south of Mono Basin); eventually covering 300 square miles (780 km2) and reaching a maximum thickness of 600 feet (180 m). Later volcanism in the area occurred 3.8 million to 250,000 years ago. This activity was northwest of Mono Basin and included the formation of Aurora Crater, Beauty Peak, Cedar Hill (later an island in the highest stands of Mono Lake), and Mount Hicks.ทะเลสาบโมโนเชื่อว่ามีเกิดขึ้นน้อย 760,000 ปีที่ผ่านมา ไปปะทุที่ลองวัลเล่ย์ ตะกอนที่อยู่ด้านล่างคำใบ้ชั้นเถ้าที่ทะเลสาบโมโนอาจสติของทะเลสาบขนาดใหญ่ และเก่าที่ปกคลุมส่วนใหญ่ของเนวาดายูทาห์ ซึ่งจะใส่ไว้ในทะเลสาบเก่าแก่ที่สุดในอเมริกาเหนือ ที่ความสูงในช่วงยุคน้ำแข็งล่าสุด ทะเลสาบจะได้ประมาณ 900 ฟุต (270 เมตรลึก) สามารถมองเห็นโดดเด่นเก่าฝั่งเส้น strandlines โดยนักธรณีวิทยา ทางตะวันตกของทะเลสาบปัจจุบัน โมโนเลคอยู่ในบริเวณเหนือสุดของห่วงโซ่โมโน – Inyo ลังภูเขาไฟงาน geologically และเป็นแอ่งภูเขาไฟรูปกระจาดหุบเขายาว กิจกรรมภูเขาไฟยังคงอยู่ใกล้ ๆ ทะเลสาบโมโน: การปะทุครั้งล่าสุดเกิดขึ้นเมื่อ 350 ปีที่ผ่านมา เกิดการก่อตัวของเกาะ Paoha ปล่องภูเขาไฟ Panum (บนฝั่งใต้ของทะเลสาบ) เป็นตัวอย่างที่ดีของ rhyolite รวมโดมและถ่านกรวย
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