The Government realized the need to add proactive OSH management methods to the conventional reactive OSH management, which emphasized compliance with legislstion. The proactive methods required the development of OSH management systems within enterprises to reduce the reliance on individual competencies to ensure good OSH performances. OSH Management Systems (OSHMS) and Risk Assessments were the two key tools to realise this. The impact of these tools is illustrated in Figure 12. Although factors such as motivation of employers are not controlled, OSHMS and Risk Assessment are found to be effective to reduce accident rates.