Early Advocates:Four people stand out as early advocates of the OB approach. These include Robert Owen, HugoMunsterberg, Mary Parker Follett, and Chester Barnard.1.Robert Owen, a successful Scottish businessman, proposed a utopian workplace.2.Hugo Munsterberg created the field of industrial psychology--the scientific study of individuals atwork to maximize their productivity and adjustment.3.Mary Parker Follett was a social philosopher who thought the manager's job was to harmonize andcoordinate group efforts.4.Chester Barnard, president of New Jersey Bell Telephone Company, saw organizations as socialsystems that required human cooperation.a.He believed that managers' major roles were to communicate and stimulate subordinates tohigh levels of effort.b.He also introduced the idea that managers have to examine the environment and thenadjust the organization to maintain a state of equilibrium.