Turning to the nominal exchange rate, existing empirical results present a wide range of
estimates of its impact on inflation. For the period of the 1990s Goujon (2006) argues, on the
basis of his empirical analysis, that inflation in Vietnam was induced by exchange rate
variations and by an excess of broad money. IMF (2003) concludes that movements in the
nominal effective exchange rate explain 10 percent of the variation in core inflation over the
period 1995–2003, with a pass-through coefficient of 0.25 in the first year. By contrast, IMF
(2006), in an empirical analysis of the period 2001–2006, reports a pass-through coefficient
of only 0.03 in the first year for headline CPI inflation. Camen (2006) carries out VAR
estimations and finds that fluctuations in the nominal effective exchange rate explain
19 percent of the forecast variance of CPI inflation after twelve months. Minh (2009) reports
a pass-through coefficient of 0.08 in the first year, with the impact of exchange rate
movements on inflation completely dying away after 15 months. His findings are based on
impulse response functions calculated using monthly data covering the period 2001M1-
2007M2. Compared to the earlier empirical studies Nguyen and Nguyen (2010) find a larger
and more significant role of the exchange rate, and in particular devaluation, in increasing
inflationary pressures. They explain this difference by arguing that the earlier studies used
data from periods when the exchange rate was mostly kept rigid, whereas their study includes
the period from 2008 to end-2010, when the exchange rate was more volatile
Turning to the nominal exchange rate, existing empirical results present a wide range of
estimates of its impact on inflation. For the period of the 1990s Goujon (2006) argues, on the
basis of his empirical analysis, that inflation in Vietnam was induced by exchange rate
variations and by an excess of broad money. IMF (2003) concludes that movements in the
nominal effective exchange rate explain 10 percent of the variation in core inflation over the
period 1995–2003, with a pass-through coefficient of 0.25 in the first year. By contrast, IMF
(2006), in an empirical analysis of the period 2001–2006, reports a pass-through coefficient
of only 0.03 in the first year for headline CPI inflation. Camen (2006) carries out VAR
estimations and finds that fluctuations in the nominal effective exchange rate explain
19 percent of the forecast variance of CPI inflation after twelve months. Minh (2009) reports
a pass-through coefficient of 0.08 in the first year, with the impact of exchange rate
movements on inflation completely dying away after 15 months. His findings are based on
impulse response functions calculated using monthly data covering the period 2001M1-
2007M2. Compared to the earlier empirical studies Nguyen and Nguyen (2010) find a larger
and more significant role of the exchange rate, and in particular devaluation, in increasing
inflationary pressures. They explain this difference by arguing that the earlier studies used
data from periods when the exchange rate was mostly kept rigid, whereas their study includes
the period from 2008 to end-2010, when the exchange rate was more volatile
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