In the Pampas ofArgentina, crop diversity has notably decreased
during the last decades due to agricultural intensification. Nowadays,
croplands are mostly sown with transgenic soybean resistant
to glyphosate by using no-tillage practices [15]. All these changes
have promoted species diversity of weed and insect communities to
decline over time and space [16–18]. Here, we present results of a
study about how the diversification of homogeneous, intensively
managed cropping systems through intercropping may increase
land productivity. Using an experimental approach, we assessed
the occurrence of yield advantage in sunflower/soybean intercrops
in the Southern Pampas. We also evaluated the effects of sunflower
and soybean sole and intercrops on the composition, richness and
abundance of weed and insect assemblages. We expected weed
and insect assemblages to differ between sole crops and intercrops,
being more diverse in the latter