Q.3. Ambedkar’s philosophy
- B. R Ambedkar’s view on Rationalism: Ambedkar has tried to interpret religion in a rationalist manner. Ambedkar’s final religious act was to embrace Buddhism.
- B. R Ambedkar’s view on God and Soul: Ambedkar did not believe in the existence of God and soul.
- B. R. Ambedkar’s view on Rebirth: According to Ambedkar, Buddha replaced the doctrine of transmigration (Sansara) by the doctrine of rebirth.
- B. R Ambedkar’s view on Karma:He denied the fatalistic view of Karma and replaced it with a much more scientific view.
- B. R Ambedkar’s view on Nibbana and the Eight-Fold Path: Ambedkar says that Buddha replaced the doctrine of Moksha or salvation of the soul by the doctrine of Nibbana.
- B. R Ambedkar’s view on Religion: Philosophy of religion, according to Ambedkar, is both descriptive and normative.
- B. R Ambedkar’s view on Religion and Dhamma: According to him, the word “religion” is an ambiguous word with more than one meaning. What the Buddha calls dhamma differs fundamentally from what is called religion. Dhamma is righteousness, which means right relations between human beings in all spheres of life.
- B. R Ambedkar’s view on Hinduism: Varna-vyavastha:Ambedkar was very strongly opposed to varna-vyavastha including caste and untouchability.
Q.1. Ambedkar’s view on the “Going Forth” of Siddhartha( 10 marks)
According to Ambedkar, Siddhartha was going forth because of the conflict related to the water of Rohiniriver between Sakyans and Koliyans.
Siddhartha became a member of the SakyaSangh at the age of eight. He was a very devoted and steadfast member of the Sangh. In the eighth year of his membership, an event occurred which resulted in a tragedy for the family of Suddhodana and a crisis in the life of Siddharth.
This is the origin of the tragedy.Bordering on the State of the Sakyas was the State of the Koliyas. The two kingdoms were divided by the river Rohini.
The waters of the Rohini were used by both the Sakyas and the Koliyas for irrigating their fields. Every season there used to be disputes between them as to who should take the water of the Rohini first and how much. These disputes resulted in quarrels and sometimes in affrays.
In the year when Siddhartha was twenty-eight, there was a major clash over the waters between the servants of the Sakyas and the servants of the Koliyas, Both sides suffered injuries.Coming to know of this, the Sakyas and the Koliyas felt that the issue must be settled once for all by war.
Siddhartha failed to settle the dispute between the Sakyas arid the Koliyas. But if you create public opinion in favour of settlement you might succeed. Therefore, be so good as to return.
Q.2.Margadata and Mokshadata.(10 marks)
The first point which mark off Buddha from the rest is his self abnegation. All throughout the Bible, Jesus insists that he is the son of God. Like Jesus, he also claimed that he was the messenger of God on the earth. Krishna refused to be satisfied with merely being the son of the God or being the messenger of God he was not content even with being the last messenger of God.
Buddha never arrogated to himself any such status. He was born a son of man and was content to remain a common man and preached his gospel as a common man. He never claimed any supernatural origin or supernatural powers nor did heperforme miracles to prove his supernatural powers. The Buddha made a clear distinction between a Margadata and a Mokshadata. Jesus, Mohammed and Krishna claimed for themselves the role of Mokshadata. The Buddha was satisfied with playing the role of a Margadata.
There is also another distinction between the four religious teachers. Both Jesus and Mohammed claimed that what they taught was infallible and beyond question. Krishna was according to his own assumption a God of Gods and therefore what he taught being a word of God uttered by God they were original and final and the question of infallibility did not even arise. The Buddha claimed no such infallibility for what he thought. He told Ananda that his religion was based on reason and experience and that his followers should not accept his teaching as correct and binding merely because they emanated from him. That is why he gave liberty to his followers to chip and chop as the necessities of the case required. No other religious teacher has shown such courage.
Q.3. B. R Ambedkar’s view on Nibbana
Ambedkar says that Buddha replaced the doctrine of Moksha or salvation of the soul by the doctrine of Nibbana. According to Ambedkar, Nibbanameans release from passions. The middle path of Buddha leads us from greed and resentment to peace, insight, enlightenment and Nibbana. The eight-fold path consists of right outlook, right aims, right speech, right action, right means of livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration.
To shed this greed and this resentment, there is the Middle Way which gives us eyes to see and makes us know, leading us on to peace,
Q.3. Ambedkar’s philosophy- B. R Ambedkar’s view on Rationalism: Ambedkar has tried to interpret religion in a rationalist manner. Ambedkar’s final religious act was to embrace Buddhism. - B. R Ambedkar’s view on God and Soul: Ambedkar did not believe in the existence of God and soul. - B. R. Ambedkar’s view on Rebirth: According to Ambedkar, Buddha replaced the doctrine of transmigration (Sansara) by the doctrine of rebirth. - B. R Ambedkar’s view on Karma:He denied the fatalistic view of Karma and replaced it with a much more scientific view. - B. R Ambedkar’s view on Nibbana and the Eight-Fold Path: Ambedkar says that Buddha replaced the doctrine of Moksha or salvation of the soul by the doctrine of Nibbana. - B. R Ambedkar’s view on Religion: Philosophy of religion, according to Ambedkar, is both descriptive and normative. - B. R Ambedkar’s view on Religion and Dhamma: According to him, the word “religion” is an ambiguous word with more than one meaning. What the Buddha calls dhamma differs fundamentally from what is called religion. Dhamma is righteousness, which means right relations between human beings in all spheres of life.- B. R Ambedkar’s view on Hinduism: Varna-vyavastha:Ambedkar was very strongly opposed to varna-vyavastha including caste and untouchability. Q.1. Ambedkar’s view on the “Going Forth” of Siddhartha( 10 marks) According to Ambedkar, Siddhartha was going forth because of the conflict related to the water of Rohiniriver between Sakyans and Koliyans. Siddhartha became a member of the SakyaSangh at the age of eight. He was a very devoted and steadfast member of the Sangh. In the eighth year of his membership, an event occurred which resulted in a tragedy for the family of Suddhodana and a crisis in the life of Siddharth.This is the origin of the tragedy.Bordering on the State of the Sakyas was the State of the Koliyas. The two kingdoms were divided by the river Rohini.The waters of the Rohini were used by both the Sakyas and the Koliyas for irrigating their fields. Every season there used to be disputes between them as to who should take the water of the Rohini first and how much. These disputes resulted in quarrels and sometimes in affrays.In the year when Siddhartha was twenty-eight, there was a major clash over the waters between the servants of the Sakyas and the servants of the Koliyas, Both sides suffered injuries.Coming to know of this, the Sakyas and the Koliyas felt that the issue must be settled once for all by war.Siddhartha failed to settle the dispute between the Sakyas arid the Koliyas. But if you create public opinion in favour of settlement you might succeed. Therefore, be so good as to return.Q.2.Margadata and Mokshadata.(10 marks)The first point which mark off Buddha from the rest is his self abnegation. All throughout the Bible, Jesus insists that he is the son of God. Like Jesus, he also claimed that he was the messenger of God on the earth. Krishna refused to be satisfied with merely being the son of the God or being the messenger of God he was not content even with being the last messenger of God. Buddha never arrogated to himself any such status. He was born a son of man and was content to remain a common man and preached his gospel as a common man. He never claimed any supernatural origin or supernatural powers nor did heperforme miracles to prove his supernatural powers. The Buddha made a clear distinction between a Margadata and a Mokshadata. Jesus, Mohammed and Krishna claimed for themselves the role of Mokshadata. The Buddha was satisfied with playing the role of a Margadata.
There is also another distinction between the four religious teachers. Both Jesus and Mohammed claimed that what they taught was infallible and beyond question. Krishna was according to his own assumption a God of Gods and therefore what he taught being a word of God uttered by God they were original and final and the question of infallibility did not even arise. The Buddha claimed no such infallibility for what he thought. He told Ananda that his religion was based on reason and experience and that his followers should not accept his teaching as correct and binding merely because they emanated from him. That is why he gave liberty to his followers to chip and chop as the necessities of the case required. No other religious teacher has shown such courage.
Q.3. B. R Ambedkar’s view on Nibbana
Ambedkar says that Buddha replaced the doctrine of Moksha or salvation of the soul by the doctrine of Nibbana. According to Ambedkar, Nibbanameans release from passions. The middle path of Buddha leads us from greed and resentment to peace, insight, enlightenment and Nibbana. The eight-fold path consists of right outlook, right aims, right speech, right action, right means of livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration.
To shed this greed and this resentment, there is the Middle Way which gives us eyes to see and makes us know, leading us on to peace,
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