Not only do these inconsistencies and methodological issues make both interpretation and
meta-analysis challenging, but they also pose obvious threats to studying reliability and validity
(a problem also confounded by the fact that the majority of the studies use self-report survey data). We do not attempt to resolve these problems in this review but we do encourage readers to interpret findings, taking into account these and other methodological considerations. Methodological recommendations for future research are discussed in the final section of this review.