regulations were not enacted and enforced during that particular
period. Blocks of the second and third period include the accumulated
land use decision outcomes of previous periods. In the second
period, farmers tended to perceive land conservation practices as
positive outcomes, including the land allocation system, the promotion
of fruit orchards, and terraced tea cultivation. On the other
hand, they perceived the promotion of maize cultivation as a negative
outcome, even though it has provided them with more income.
Maize was introduced as an opium-replacement crop at the end
of the first period. Maize mono-crop cultivation rapidly expanded
into forest areas and brought farmers into conflict with the authorities.
In the third period, positively perceived outcomes included
the establishment of agroforestry practices and the introduction of
intercropping, which are closely connected with increased horizon-