Flavonoids from lemongrass – Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf – leaves infusion, a commonly
consumed beverage for the treatment of inflammatory-related conditions, were investigated
in this work. Luteolin O-, C- and O,C-glycosides were isolated and identified by
nuclear magnetic resonance, being the cassiaoccidentalin B structure fully characterized
for the first time in lemongrass. The anti-inflammatory activity of luteolin and its glycosides
was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Luteolin glycosides
demonstrated less cytotoxicity than luteolin itself. Although glycosylation decreases luteolin
anti-inflammatory properties, being higher to C-glycosylation, an inhibitory effect on inflammatory
mediator production (nitric oxide and IL-1β) was verified for the luteolin 7-O-
β-glucopyranoside, without cytotoxic effects. Therefore, luteolin glycosides from lemongrass
infusion are evidenced as a less toxic alternative to current anti-inflammatory drugs with
promising use in pharmaceutical and food supplement industries. Additionally, this work
establishes structure–activity relationships, which constitutes valuable information in the
design of anti-inflammatory luteolin glycosides devoid of toxicity
Flavonoids from lemongrass – Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf – leaves infusion, a commonlyconsumed beverage for the treatment of inflammatory-related conditions, were investigatedin this work. Luteolin O-, C- and O,C-glycosides were isolated and identified bynuclear magnetic resonance, being the cassiaoccidentalin B structure fully characterizedfor the first time in lemongrass. The anti-inflammatory activity of luteolin and its glycosideswas evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Luteolin glycosidesdemonstrated less cytotoxicity than luteolin itself. Although glycosylation decreases luteolinanti-inflammatory properties, being higher to C-glycosylation, an inhibitory effect on inflammatorymediator production (nitric oxide and IL-1β) was verified for the luteolin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside, without cytotoxic effects. Therefore, luteolin glycosides from lemongrassinfusion are evidenced as a less toxic alternative to current anti-inflammatory drugs withpromising use in pharmaceutical and food supplement industries. Additionally, this workestablishes structure–activity relationships, which constitutes valuable information in thedesign of anti-inflammatory luteolin glycosides devoid of toxicity
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