Pre-determined
Instrument based questions
Performance data,
Attitude data,
observation data, and Census data
Statistical analysis
Statistical interpretation
Both predetermined and Emerging methods
Both open-and closed- Ended question
Multiple forms of data Drawing on a possibilities
statistical and text analysis
Across databases interpretation,
Emerging method
open-ended question
interview data
observation data
document data,
Audiovisual data
Text and image analysis
Themes, patterns interpretation