Climatologically, the study area is distinguished by the
scarcity of rain and relatively high moisture content November 1994, the area received about 25 mm/day where
floods struck the Red Sea and the Nile Valley provinces and
caused serious damage (
EMA, 2000
) and in January 2010,
floods struck the Western side of the study area. Rainfall over
the study area is very limited and variable (
Diab et al., 2002;
Abu El Ella and Abdel Mogeeth, 1993
). Rainfall data were
compiled from nine meteorological stations within and around
the study area for the period from 1968 to 2002. Some param-
eters contributing to the expected heave due to the presence of
swelling soils in the study area are shown through some field
photos in Qena and Sohag development areas as shown in
(
NARSS, 2010
)