When the Crusaders created a Christian kingdom in what is now Israel and Lebanon in the late 1000s AD, many European students travelled to the Fatimid Empire to study at the great universities there. When they came home, they brought with them new ideas about astronomy.
By the 1300s, even Europeans who had not themselves travelled to the Islamic Empire began to study astronomy. Around 1350, Nicole Oresme discussed various reasons for thinking that the earth went around the sun, though he said that he himself did not think that the earth moved. He also argued that astrology didn't work, because the movements of the planets were not as mathematically regular as astrologers thought.
In the 1450s, Johann Muller of Germany showed that old astronomical tables were not very accurate - their prediction of an eclipse of the moon was off by a whole hour. Muller also built copies of Islamic astrolabes, and pointed out some problems with Ptolemy's theories of retrograde motion. When Gutenberg set up the first printing press with moveable metal type in 1454, Muller realized that this would make it easier to teach science accurately, without mistakes in copying, and he printed the world's first science books in 1471.
When the Crusaders created a Christian kingdom in what is now Israel and Lebanon in the late 1000s AD, many European students travelled to the Fatimid Empire to study at the great universities there. When they came home, they brought with them new ideas about astronomy.By the 1300s, even Europeans who had not themselves travelled to the Islamic Empire began to study astronomy. Around 1350, Nicole Oresme discussed various reasons for thinking that the earth went around the sun, though he said that he himself did not think that the earth moved. He also argued that astrology didn't work, because the movements of the planets were not as mathematically regular as astrologers thought.In the 1450s, Johann Muller of Germany showed that old astronomical tables were not very accurate - their prediction of an eclipse of the moon was off by a whole hour. Muller also built copies of Islamic astrolabes, and pointed out some problems with Ptolemy's theories of retrograde motion. When Gutenberg set up the first printing press with moveable metal type in 1454, Muller realized that this would make it easier to teach science accurately, without mistakes in copying, and he printed the world's first science books in 1471.
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