A factorial design three-way analysis-of-covariance analysed the effect of independent
variables, gender, male and female respondents with children, institutional and social dif-
ferences in Singapore and Australia, the number of years to attain current management
level, and the number of years in the profession, on management levels. Age, education and
marital status of respondents are control variables. The dependent variable was measured
using an ordinal scale reflecting the five management levels of the participating accounting
firms. Partner was represented by 1, senior manager 2, manager 3, supervisor 4, and senior
accountant 5. It is expected that high order interactions between these variables will provide
a more realistic indication (Keppel, 1991) why there is a lack of women in upper levels of
management in multinational accounting firms.