The Wind River Canopy Crane offers scientists access to any level within a 70 m tall coniferous forest in a 2.3 ha area near the Columbia River Gorge in Washington(fig. 1.6). Research projects supported and made far easier by this crane and others have included the ecology of migratory birds in the forest canopy, photosynthesis by epiphytes living at different canopy heights, and vertical stratification of habitat use by bats and beetles(Ozanne et al. 2003). By 2006, there were 12 canopy cranes facilitating canopy research in temperate and tropical forests worldwide(Stork 2007). Nadkarni points out, in response to these developments, that the canopy as a physical frontier may be closing, but its exploration as a scientific frontier is just beginning, particu- larly as we attempt to predict the ecological consequences of climate change