The participants’ responses were simply coded according to the level they chose for
each word on VKS (Wesche and Paribakht, 1996). However, level 3, 4 and 5 entail some kind
of production from students. Thus, the researchers checked the accuracy of their answers and
marked their choices as they are, if they were correct. However, if the responses were
incorrect, the researcher downgraded the participant’s choice by one level. For instance, if a
participant chose Level 3 for a word, the answer was marked as Level 3 only if the response
was accurate, if it was not, then the researcher marked the answer as Level 2.