Teamwork
Executive Summary
Governments, businesses, and community groups are increasingly relying on work teams to
streamline processes, enhance participation, and improve performance. Teamwork is of
worldwide importance; individuals who wish to participate fully in community and
professional life must increasingly possess the skills necessary to work in teams.
Although teams are diverse and can take on many forms, all teams are defined by four
characteristics. They have two or more individuals; they share a common goal(s); they are
task-interdependent; and they have a desired productive outcome(s). These characteristics
serve as the basis for developing a working definition of a “team,” a definition that the ALL
can use to provide insight regarding the prevalence and the expression of teamwork skills
across various cultures.
The Teamwork scale of ALL seeks to assess the core skills associated with teamwork. To
this end, three primary skills required for effective teamwork —Group Decision
Making/Planning, Adaptability/Flexibility, and Interpersonal Relations—are proposed, each
represented by distinct behavioral manifestations. Group Decision Making/Planning refers to
the ability to identify problems and gather, evaluate, share and link information.
Adaptability/Flexibility implies using a variety of task-relevant strategies, providing
assistance, adjusting to task reallocation and accepting feedback. Interpersonal Relations
reflects supporting team decisions, sharing work, helping others, and seeking mutually
agreeable solutions. Communication skills—including providing complete and concise
information, listening effectively, and asking questions—underlie the other three skills and
serve as a bridge among them. In addition, two other factors play key roles in teamwork:
attitudes toward teamwork and past experience with teams.
By definition, teamwork skills can only be observed directly in a teamwork setting. However,
because direct observation is not consistent with ALL methodology, respondent teamwork
skills will be assessed indirectly. Specifically, knowledge of teamwork skills, attitudes
towards teamwork, and past experience in teams will be measured, and links will be drawn
between these constructs and team performance.
Finally, teamwork, more than other life skills, is likely to be affected by culture. Although the
team skills described in this framework are assumed to define teamwork generally, the
behavioral manifestation of these skills is likely to vary across cultures. Respondent
performance will be interpreted relative to the effective teamwork behaviors defined for a
given country, thereby providing information regarding national attitudes toward teamwork
and regarding the degree to which behavioral expressions of teamwork skills vary across
nations. This information can be used by employers and educators alike, to assess and
improve teamwork in a nation’s workforce and general population.
TeamworkExecutive SummaryGovernments, businesses, and community groups are increasingly relying on work teams tostreamline processes, enhance participation, and improve performance. Teamwork is ofworldwide importance; individuals who wish to participate fully in community andprofessional life must increasingly possess the skills necessary to work in teams.Although teams are diverse and can take on many forms, all teams are defined by fourcharacteristics. They have two or more individuals; they share a common goal(s); they aretask-interdependent; and they have a desired productive outcome(s). These characteristicsserve as the basis for developing a working definition of a “team,” a definition that the ALLcan use to provide insight regarding the prevalence and the expression of teamwork skillsacross various cultures.The Teamwork scale of ALL seeks to assess the core skills associated with teamwork. Tothis end, three primary skills required for effective teamwork —Group DecisionMaking/Planning, Adaptability/Flexibility, and Interpersonal Relations—are proposed, eachrepresented by distinct behavioral manifestations. Group Decision Making/Planning refers tothe ability to identify problems and gather, evaluate, share and link information.Adaptability/Flexibility implies using a variety of task-relevant strategies, providingassistance, adjusting to task reallocation and accepting feedback. Interpersonal Relationsreflects supporting team decisions, sharing work, helping others, and seeking mutuallyagreeable solutions. Communication skills—including providing complete and conciseinformation, listening effectively, and asking questions—underlie the other three skills andserve as a bridge among them. In addition, two other factors play key roles in teamwork:attitudes toward teamwork and past experience with teams.By definition, teamwork skills can only be observed directly in a teamwork setting. However,because direct observation is not consistent with ALL methodology, respondent teamworkskills will be assessed indirectly. Specifically, knowledge of teamwork skills, attitudestowards teamwork, and past experience in teams will be measured, and links will be drawnbetween these constructs and team performance.Finally, teamwork, more than other life skills, is likely to be affected by culture. Although theteam skills described in this framework are assumed to define teamwork generally, thebehavioral manifestation of these skills is likely to vary across cultures. Respondentperformance will be interpreted relative to the effective teamwork behaviors defined for agiven country, thereby providing information regarding national attitudes toward teamworkand regarding the degree to which behavioral expressions of teamwork skills vary acrossnations. This information can be used by employers and educators alike, to assess andปรับปรุงการทำงานเป็นทีมในบุคลากรของประเทศและประชากรทั่วไป
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