Major risk factors for suicide in adolescence are summarized in Table E.4.5. As stated, there is a lack of research on suicide in pre adolescents. No specific pattern of risk factors for this age group has been found yet (Kloos et al. 2007). In pre adolescents, family-related stressors may play a more significant role than in adolescents, while age-dependent psychopathology (e.g., alcohol use, bipolar disorder, psychosis) may have less influence. The effects of age and gender have already been described. However, it should be kept in mind that statistical risk refers to averages in a community and has limited relevance for the assessment and treatment of individual patients. For example, a female adolescent is statistically at lower risk for completed suicide after a suicide attempt than a male counterpart. However, assessment and treatment are not gender-specific!