When adult education began to be organized systematically during
the 1920s, teachers of adults began experiencing several problems
with the pedagogical model. One problem was that pedagogy was
premised on a conception of the purpose of education—namely, the
transmittal of knowledge and skills that had stood the test of time—
that adult learners seemed to sense was insufficient. Accordingly,
their teachers found them to be resistant frequently to the strategies
that pedagogy prescribed, including fact-laden lectures, assigned
readings, drills, quizzes, rote memorizing, and examinations. Adults
appeared to want something more than this, and drop-out rates were
high. (p. 40)
Zmeyov (1998) states that the rapid development of adult education
changed its status within the realm of education. Adults had to improve
their competencies to harmonize with their own anthroposphere.
Therefore, there is a necessity for an educational approach that considers
adult learning needs. The andragogical approach, developed extensively
by Malcolm Knowles, is a well-lauded response to these needs.