Identical-appearing capsules contained olanzapine (7.5 mg), quetiapine (200 mg), risperidone (1.5 mg), perphenazine (8 mg) or, after January 2002, ziprasidone (40 mg). Patients with current tardive dyskinesia could enroll but a stratified randomization scheme prevented their assignment to treatment with perphenazine. The dose of the medications was flexible, ranging from one to four capsules daily, based upon the study doctor’s judgment. Concomitant medications were permitted throughout the trial, except for additional antipsychotic agents. Patients had monthly visits with study doctors.