the impulse turbine uses the kinetic energy of water to drive the runner and discharges to atmospheric pressure [4].
The runner of impulse turbines operates in air and is moved by jets of
water;
“the water remain sat atmospheric pressure before and after making contact with the runner blades” [8].
Water that falls into the tail water after striking the buckets has little energy remaining,thus
the turbine has light casing that serves the purpose of preventing the surroundings against water splashing [12].
An impulse turbineis usually applied in systems with high head and low flow.There are three common types of impulse turbines:thePelton,theCross-flow andTurgo