The criteria for concluding to the penal responsibility of the accused, or to diminished penal responsibility or acquittal, are clearly-defined legal notions within each legal framework and legal system. Thus a neuro biological explanation of a behaviour exhibited by an offender, in the same way as any other causal explanation, is not in itself a reason for diminishing legal responsibility or excusing the offence. At best, it can provide supplementary evidence which, when taken in to consideration along with all the other aspects of each case, could help to ascertain whether there is an “excuse” in legal terms. What is therefore needed is a “translation” of the results of neuro scientific research and techniques presented to a court, a translation of the scientific language, and of the legal language