The morphology is clearly ambiguous with respect to the posi-tion of Papilionidae, and when morphology was analysed alone,
Heikkilä et al. (2012) were unable to recover a well-supported phylogeny for the butterfly families. Based on Heikkilä et al.’s
(2012) dataset only three non-universal wing characters tenta-tively support a sister group relationship between Hesperi-
idaeþHedylidae and the non-papilionid Papilionoidea: