Faerch and Kasper (1983) and Dornyei (1995) use the same system to classify Communication strategies. They classify Communication strategies into reduction strategies and achievement strategies. Dornyei (1995) also adds another type, that is, time-gaining strategies in his framework. Tarone (1977) classifies Communication strategies into five types. It can be seen that avoidance is a subtype of reduction strategies of Faerch and Kasper (1983) and Dornyei (1995); paraphrase, conscious transfer, appeal for assistance and mime are subtypes of achievement strategies of Dornyei (1995). In addition, Tarone, Cohen and Dumas (1976:194) she proposed five basic Communication strategies: avoidance, paraphrase, conscious transfer, appeal for assistance and mime (p.197). She also provided a definition and characteristics of Communication strategies as “Conscious communication strategies are used by an individual to overcome the crisis which occurs when language structures are inadequate to convey the individual’s thought” (p.195). Tarone’s framework has been considered the most important and influential in the literature and subsequent studies of communication strategies. (Cited in Tiwaporn Kongsom (2009) p.12) However, Bialystok (1990) classifies types of Communication strategies differently from other researchers. She divides Communication strategies into L1-based strategies, L2-based strategies, non-linguistic strategies, analysis-based strategies, and control based strategies. On the other hand, the Nijmegen group’s types of Communication strategies are based on conceptual strategies and linguistic strategies. Most recently, the classification of Communication strategies proposed by Dornyei and Scott (1997) was collected and extended from the CS research. They proposed three main categories: direct, indirect and interactional strategies.”