In 2006, the Pew Global Attitudes Survey found that large majorities of respondents from developed countries had heard of global warming, while awareness remained quite low in several developing countries (Figure 1). In particular, large majorities of respondents had never heard of global warming in Pakistan, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Egypt. These results suggest that many, especially in the Muslim world, have never heard of global warming. If borne out by further research, this lack of basic awareness of the problem has many important implications, ranging from the lack of political pressure on local and national governments to act, to potentially greater long-term vulnerability as individuals and communities make decisions regarding urban and coastal development, agricultural and subsistence practices, water management, etc. At the same time, however, people in some developing countries may have observed, attempted to explain, and adapt to changes in their local climate, albeit without the conceptual framework and findings of climate change science.