which resolves these characteristics. Commonly unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations [14] and LES simulations [15] are utilized to investigate the dynamic response of the high turbulent, three-dimensional flow in a complex geometry. The unsteady RANS approach is computationally less demanding, since the underlying turbulence model allows using a coarse mesh grid compared to the grid required for LES simulations. Nevertheless, the turbulence closure model used in the unsteady RANS simulations is based on simplifying assumptions and tuning of the closure coefficients may be required. Hence, this approach needs to be carefully validated before used [15]. The computationally more expensive LES approach requires fewer assumptions and is therefore
more reliable.