The direct muscles connect directly from
the pleuron (thoracic wall) to individual
sclerites located at the base of the wing.
The subalar and basalar muscles have
ligament attachments to the subalar and
basalar sclerites,
Resilin - a highly elastic material
- forms the ligaments connecting flight
muscles to wing apparatus
- 100 times greater energy storage
capabilities than muscle
There are other muscles that are directly
inserted into the first and third axillary sclerite