related to cultural influences so that one can measure pure intelligence, independent of learning, culture, and the like. Experience and empirical research have shown that such a test has yet to be developed. Indeed, many doubt whether such an accomplishment is even possible, although the Raven probably comes close to this goal.
The IPAT Culture Fair Intelligence Test was designed to provide an estimate of intelligence relatively free of cultural and language influences. Although this test succeeds no more in this regard than any other such attempt, the popularity of the Culture Fair Intelligence Test reflects the strong desire among users for a test that reduces cultural factors as much as possible (Tan & Tan, 1998).
Constructed under the direction of R. B. Cattell, the Culture Fair Intelli- gence Test is a paper-and-pencil procedure that covers three levels (ages 4-8 and mentally disabled adults, ages 8-12 and randomly selected adults, and high-school age and above-average adults). Two parallel forms are available.
Standardization varies according to age level. Kuder Richardson reliabilities are only in the .70s, with substantially lower test-retest coefficients. The test has been correlated with a wide variety of other tests with mixed results. Correlations with the Wechsler and Binet tests are quite good, with a range of 56 to 85. Also, normative data from Western European countries, the United States, and Australia are comparable. Thus, if one wishes to estimate intelligence in Western European or Australian individual, the Culture Fair Intelligence Test is probably the instrument of choice. However, the norms are becoming outdated, and more work is needed if the Culture Fair Test is to compete with the Raven.