can be an executive, a human resource manager or a general manager. If the idea starts to construct
support and snowballs, the firm will more likely to implement a formal program (Waldman &
Atwater, 1998). Antonioni and Park (2001) studied whether rater affect has a similar impact on the
leniency of ratings from three of the sources of 360-degree feedback including downward, upward,
and peer and whether there was an interaction between a rater’s affect and the time a person spent
observing the ratee. The results indicated that the influence of rater affect on the leniency of ratings
was substantially bigger in upward and peer feedback than in downward feedback and that the impact
increased as raters’ observation time increased