Litter information, including pigs born alive, stillborn,and mummified pigs, was recorded.Cross-fostering was done during the first day of lactation after 18 to 24 h to allow for colostrum intake from the dams.Litter size was standardized to 12 ± 0.6 pigs according to the standard operating procedures of the commercial farm. Litter growth rate was calculated as the difference between the weight of the litter at weaning and the initial litter weight (after cross-fostering) divided by the number of days in the lactation period. Piglet mortality was recorded for each litter. Pigs did not have access to creep feed or supplemental milk during the experiment.