Figure 12.1 is an extreme example used to explain the characteristics of a Spaghetti process. Given the data set, it is not surprising that the process is unstructured; the 2765 patients did not form a homogeneous group and included individuals with very different medical problems. The process model can be simplified dramatically by selecting a group of patients with similar problems. However, also for more homogeneous groups of patients (e.g., people that had heart surgery), the resulting process model is often Spaghetti-like.