It is well known that intestinal microbiota may also play an
important role in fish health [15,16], and commensal colonization
brings many physiological, metabolic and immunological benefits
to the host. Specifically, the mucosal immune system has evolved to
permit the colonization of mucosal surfaces with complex and
diverse microbial communities [17,18]. By shared “microbe-associated
molecular patterns” (MAMPs), pathogens and commensals
are recognized by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the
immune system [19,20]. When homeostasis is broken, commensals
could access to the host's internal milieu and damage the host [17].
As a common human enteric pathogen, A. hydrophila attracted the
public concerns since 1970s, because it could cause the acute
diarrheal disease. Meanwhile, it was found that A. hydrophila also
composed a part of the intestinal microflora of healthy fish [21], and
was considered an opportunistic agent that did not cause problems
in healthy fish [22]. So far, several investigators have demonstrated
that orally administered A. hydrophila can result in a systemic
infection in fish [23,24] and that the intestinal tract is a site of
adhesion. Therefore, commensal colonization of A. hydrophila in
intestine requires precise homeostatic regulatory mechanisms
from the host's immune system. However, a particular microbial
community composition associated with an anti-A. hydrophila
vaccine is unknown. According to our finding [3], the vaccine Aera
can provide an immune protection in grass carp to resist
A. hydrophila infection, and further it is necessary to identify its role
by determining the fish intestinal bacterial community and associated
immune response.
It is well known that intestinal microbiota may also play animportant role in fish health [15,16], and commensal colonizationbrings many physiological, metabolic and immunological benefitsto the host. Specifically, the mucosal immune system has evolved topermit the colonization of mucosal surfaces with complex anddiverse microbial communities [17,18]. By shared “microbe-associatedmolecular patterns” (MAMPs), pathogens and commensalsare recognized by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of theimmune system [19,20]. When homeostasis is broken, commensalscould access to the host's internal milieu and damage the host [17].As a common human enteric pathogen, A. hydrophila attracted thepublic concerns since 1970s, because it could cause the acutediarrheal disease. Meanwhile, it was found that A. hydrophila alsocomposed a part of the intestinal microflora of healthy fish [21], andwas considered an opportunistic agent that did not cause problemsin healthy fish [22]. So far, several investigators have demonstratedthat orally administered A. hydrophila can result in a systemicinfection in fish [23,24] and that the intestinal tract is a site ofadhesion. Therefore, commensal colonization of A. hydrophila inintestine requires precise homeostatic regulatory mechanismsfrom the host's immune system. However, a particular microbialcommunity composition associated with an anti-A. hydrophilaวัคซีนไม่รู้จัก ตามของเราค้นหา [3], วัคซีน Aeraสามารถให้การป้องกันภูมิคุ้มกันในปลาเฉาเพื่อต่อต้านติดเชื้อ A. hydrophila และเพิ่มเติมจำเป็นต้องระบุบทบาทของโดยกำหนดชุมชนแบคทีเรียลำไส้ปลา และเชื่อมโยงการตอบสนองภูมิคุ้มกัน
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