Table 2.
Ethogram used to detect signs of abdominal pain or discomfort.
Behaviour Description Categories or units
Dull appearancea
Passive, unresponsive and uninterested in surroundings No or yes
Vocalisation Any kind of vocal expressions Number of vocalisations per animal
Licking at the abdomen Turns head and licks at the abdomen Number of licks per animal
Biting at the abdomen Turns head and bites at the abdomen Number of bites per animal
Kicking at the abdomen Kicks at the abdomen Number of kicks per animal
Getting up/lying down Partly or fully stands up or lies down Number of times calf partly of fully stood up or laid down
Rapid, breathing Rapid, shallow breathing Number of bouts and duration per bout (second)
Bruxism Grinding teeth Number of bouts and duration per bout (second)
Hunched stance Standing with head low and back arched Number of bouts and duration per bout (second)
a