The solutions were fed to a twofluid
nozzle (diameter, 1 mm) at the top of the spray dryer
using a peristaltic pump (Masterflex, USA). The spray dryer
was operated in a co-current airflow mode. The inlet temperature
of drying air was at 185 °C and its outlet temperature
was maintained at 85 °C by adjusting the feed flow
rate via the peristaltic pump. The compression air pressure
for atomization was controlled at 2 bar, with an airflow rate
of 4 m3/h. Dried powders were collected from the base of a
cyclone separator of the drier (Chindapan et al. 2010).