Note the following:
The multifactorial etiology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia complicates its prevention.
Prenatal steroid therapy and postnatal surfactant has improved survival and mitigated the severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Prevention of preterm birth and chorioamnionitis should reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Meticulous attention to optimal oxygenation, ventilation (early extubation, increased use of continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP]), and fluid management may decrease the incidence and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Maximizing nutritional support, careful monitoring of fluid intake, and judicious use of diuretics promote lung healing.
Evidence regarding the use of high-frequency ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), and antioxidants (other than vitamin A) to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia is inconclusive