6. Conclusions
Results show that little application of innovation models within the healthcare sector has been undertaken to foster innovation. We suggest that existing innovation frameworks such as the Innovation Pentathlon Framework, the NASA's partnering incentive and the Tesco club card scheme may be the basis for the creation of a healthcare innovation model that incorporates substantive human aspects, including human cognition and human reward. Since the cost of missing medical appointments in the NHS is around $1390 million dollars per year, our innovation model may be implemented to improve patient attendance to family doctors and hospital appointments. The model strategy comprises rewarding people with shopping vouchers (Tesco club card points or nectar points) each time they confirm or cancel a medical appointment online or by SMS text message. With this model, the NHS would improve the management of their resources, may improve the quality of service and may have higher user satisfaction. Nevertheless, future challenges may include the adaptation of current NHS business processes and the management
of the collaboration with private organizations. Besides, the implementation of the model would require the NHS to look into business process modeling and recommend changing the organization strategy to support this innovative approach.
The cost savings made from this concept may also be allocated to improvement services or projects for which the NHS is lacking funds. This will further improve the quality and service in national hospitals. The main outcome may be that firstly NHS England will apply an innovative approach to resolve their challenges which may lead towards a new organizational strategy. Ultimately the key aspect of intellectual property must be addressed before utilizing an innovative solution within new sectors. Tesco may require protecting their intellectual property and demand for a small fee by licensing the Club Card scheme and permit organizations to utilize this business process model to avoid confrontations. This challenge is yet to be resolved across all sectors and a framework may be required in the future to address this issue. Nevertheless it will benefit Tesco with a new stream of revenue and simultaneously a new business model by licensing their intellectual property and the NHS England to improve their current business process models with its cost savings aspect.
Finally, it seems that there is no single and right solution, framework or Enterprise System Model to deliver innovation in organizations. Thus, future research should include the development of innovation models that includes human aspects as key factors of competitive and collaborative advantages.