1. fewer imports of a product mean fewer import-handling jobs, such as those in the container-shipping industry.
2. given the global complexity of production, import restrictions on one industry will likely cause lower sales in other industries because they must incur higher costs for inputs and components. For example, U.S. import restrictions on steel raise automobile and farm equipment manufacturing costs.
3. imports stimulate exports, though less directly, by increasing foreign income and foreign-exchange earnings abroad has some negative effect on domestic earnings and employment