On the
basis of the thermograms, the values for the onset (Tonset), peak
(Tpeak), and end (Tend) temperatures were determined and the time
values between each onset (tonset) and end (tend) exothermic peak
were extracted using the Pyris 7 DSC data processing software
(Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) to characterise the formation of
ice crystals in the dough. In addition, a DSC scan of the yeast was
performed from 25 to 30 C with a FR6.
2.5. Observation of the croissant dough microstructure