Briefly, 20 ml of starch
suspension (5 g/100 ml) were transferred to centrifuge tubes and
heated in a water bath for 15 min at 50 C, 70 C, or 90 C. The
tubes were centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 15 min. The supernatant
was discarded; tubes containing sediment were placed at a 45 angle
for 10 min to allow water drainage and weighed. WHC was calculated
by Eq. (1).