the welfare theory of copyright promotes the interests of society as a whole and favors the greatest good for the greatest number of people. This system balances incentives to create with mechanisms to make works widely available for the benefit of all (e.g. exclusive rights and eventual expiration of those rights). Welfare theory’s emphasis on the collective good contrasts with the individual-centric rewards of the fairness and personality theories, and also differs markedly in its attitude towards intellectual property as a necessary evil that is required to facilitate greater production of public goods. Copyright reform motivated by the welfare theory might remove copyright protection for those works which would be produced in “optimal” quantities anyways. For example, advertisements are created to market other products rather than for any independent value. Advertisements would therefore continue be produced with or without copyright protection. This theory aligns most closely with the United States’ constitutional basis for copyright, which intends for copyright to “promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts”