Type 2 diabetes mellitus, or T2DM, is a leading cause of preventable death in the United
States. Multiple studies have found that certain dietary patterns can significantly
influence the risk of T2DM. The purpose of this study was to understand the dietary
patterns associated with diabetes by comparing the relative adherence to these dietary
patterns by individuals in 5 stages of diabetes: no diabetes, undiagnosed prediabetes,
diagnosed prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes. Using the health
belief model as the theoretical foundation, the primary research question examined
whether adherence to specific dietary patterns significantly differed between individuals
in different stages of diabetes. This question was important for understanding the dietary
behaviors of individuals in early or unknown stages of diabetes that may lead to more
harmful health consequences. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (n = 15,237), multiple logistic regression analyses compared the
odds of adherence to specific dietary patterns, adjusting for covariates. There was no
statistically significant association between dietary pattern adherence and diabetes status.
However, certain covariate factors—such as age and gender—were found to significantly
influence the odds of high adherence to certain dietary patterns. Specifically, males were
significantly more like than were females to adhere to diets associated with increased
T2DM risk, and adults aged 50 years and older were significantly more likely than were
younger adults to adhere to diets associated with decreased T2DM risk. The impact of
these findings could lead to more targeted interventions promoting better eating habits
and reduced T2DM incidence among U.S. adults aged 20 years older.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, or T2DM, is a leading cause of preventable death in the UnitedStates. Multiple studies have found that certain dietary patterns can significantlyinfluence the risk of T2DM. The purpose of this study was to understand the dietarypatterns associated with diabetes by comparing the relative adherence to these dietarypatterns by individuals in 5 stages of diabetes: no diabetes, undiagnosed prediabetes,diagnosed prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes. Using the healthbelief model as the theoretical foundation, the primary research question examinedwhether adherence to specific dietary patterns significantly differed between individualsin different stages of diabetes. This question was important for understanding the dietarybehaviors of individuals in early or unknown stages of diabetes that may lead to moreharmful health consequences. Using data from the National Health and NutritionExamination Survey (n = 15,237), multiple logistic regression analyses compared theodds of adherence to specific dietary patterns, adjusting for covariates. There was nostatistically significant association between dietary pattern adherence and diabetes status.However, certain covariate factors—such as age and gender—were found to significantlyinfluence the odds of high adherence to certain dietary patterns. Specifically, males weresignificantly more like than were females to adhere to diets associated with increasedT2DM risk, and adults aged 50 years and older were significantly more likely than were
younger adults to adhere to diets associated with decreased T2DM risk. The impact of
these findings could lead to more targeted interventions promoting better eating habits
and reduced T2DM incidence among U.S. adults aged 20 years older.
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