In mobile communications, diversity reception can beused to mitigate the effects of multipath fading. Space diversityreception is particularly attractive from the implementatationstandpoint, and a two-branch space diversityarrangement appears to be a practical cost/performancecompromise. The diversity advantage that is realized with suchan arrangement is a function of both the type of diversitycircuit which is employed and the degree of decorrelationbetween the two-branch received signals. It has generally beenaccepted that a near maximum diversity advantage will berealized when the cross correlation between the two branchesis less than 0.7 [ l ] . Based on this figure, space diversityreception athe mobile presents little problem since theantenna separation distances that achieve this amount ofdecorrelation in the mobile environment are very small (<20cm at 850 MHz). However, the space diversity antenna separationrequirement at the land site necessary to achieve the sameamount of signal decorrelation is in the range of 10 wavelengthsor more at antenna elevations of 150 ft or greater [2] ,[3]. Therefore, a comprehensive characterization of the effect of changing the cross correlation between the two receivedsignals at the land site is important to effective system design.This paper describes the performance of the two-branchequal-gain diversity system as a function of the cross correlationbetween the two received signals from the diversityantennas. The cumulative probability distributions, level crossingrates, and duration of fades for a two-branch equal-gaincombined diversity signal with variable correlation betweenthe two branches are described.
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