INTRODUCTION
he term "passive smoking" usually
refers to the inhalation of smoke
that is either exhaled by a smoker or
released as sidestream smoke from a
burning cigarette. Another name for
passive smoking is "involuntary
smoking," because the person who
inhales it often has no choice in the
matter. The effect of cigarettes on the
pregnant woman and developing fetus
are numerous with a wide range of
squeal that will remain with the fetus for
the rest of her life.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy has
long considered an important risk factor
for intrauterine growth retardation1
.
A definite, well-established relationship
exists between smoking and low birth
weight defined as birth weight less than
2500 grams2
. A remarkably constant
100-300g differences in baby birth
weight between cigarette smokers' and
nonsmokers' has been determined in
many studies since 19573
.
A cross-sectional study conducted in
developing countries found that, more
babies born to mothers exposed to
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
were small-for-gestation and their mean
birth weight was 138g less than that of
babies in the unexposed mothers 4
. The
risk and magnitude of low birth weight is
related to the number of cigarettes
smoked during pregnancy5
.
Polanska and Hanke 6
stated that, since
1957 maternal smoking during
pregnancy increase the risk of
spontaneous abortion, placenta previa
(placenta that partly or completely
covers the internal cervical os), abruptio
placenta (premature separation of the
placenta from the uterine wall).
Furthermore, cigarette smoking
increases the risk of premature rupture
of membranes7
, placenta previa8
, and
preterm delivery 9
. There is good
epidemiological evidence to support a
risk of placenta previa, abruptio
placenta, premature rupture of mem
INTRODUCTION
he term "passive smoking" usually
refers to the inhalation of smoke
that is either exhaled by a smoker or
released as sidestream smoke from a
burning cigarette. Another name for
passive smoking is "involuntary
smoking," because the person who
inhales it often has no choice in the
matter. The effect of cigarettes on the
pregnant woman and developing fetus
are numerous with a wide range of
squeal that will remain with the fetus for
the rest of her life.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy has
long considered an important risk factor
for intrauterine growth retardation1
.
A definite, well-established relationship
exists between smoking and low birth
weight defined as birth weight less than
2500 grams2
. A remarkably constant
100-300g differences in baby birth
weight between cigarette smokers' and
nonsmokers' has been determined in
many studies since 19573
.
A cross-sectional study conducted in
developing countries found that, more
babies born to mothers exposed to
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
were small-for-gestation and their mean
birth weight was 138g less than that of
babies in the unexposed mothers 4
. The
risk and magnitude of low birth weight is
related to the number of cigarettes
smoked during pregnancy5
.
Polanska and Hanke 6
stated that, since
1957 maternal smoking during
pregnancy increase the risk of
spontaneous abortion, placenta previa
(placenta that partly or completely
covers the internal cervical os), abruptio
placenta (premature separation of the
placenta from the uterine wall).
Furthermore, cigarette smoking
increases the risk of premature rupture
of membranes7
, placenta previa8
, and
preterm delivery 9
. There is good
epidemiological evidence to support a
risk of placenta previa, abruptio
placenta, premature rupture of mem
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