Since the introduction of PN, several lipid emulsions based on different oil sources have been developed that have shown distinct effects on immune function. 3 The first emulsion (Intralipid ? ) that became available in the early 1960s was based only on soybean oil(SO). This emulsion is still extensively used worldwide despite concerns with regard to its pro-inflammatory profile due to the high amount of n-6 fatty acids, specifically linoleic acid. To decrease the amount of n-6 fatty acids, several emulsions have been devel-oped in which SO is partly replaced by one or more alternative oils.These mixtures of SO, fish oil (FO), olive oil (OO) and/or coconut oil(CO) seem to have less pro-inflammatory effects and to modulate
immune function in a more beneficial way.