Students should come up with a variety of examples from their previous experience. Identifying successful first movers are tricky because for each example, it is usually possible to identify an earlier technological precursor that someone else might consider to be the first mover (this is related to the discussion in chapter 2 about most inventions really being recombinations of existing ideas. This can inspire some interesting discussion among students. The list of failed first movers and successful early followers is long easier to identify, for example (from Lasalle Systems Leasing White Paper Series, http://www.elasalle.com/IDC/importent.html).
Visicalc led in the creation of spreadsheet software, only to lose to Lotus 1-2-3 and later to Microsoft Excel.
The Xerox Star computer was the first PC with a graphical user interface. Has anyone heard of them?
The first Jet Airliner in passenger service was the DeHavilland Comet. Boeing and Airbus are now the leading firms.
An example of an initially successful (but ultimately unsuccessful) first mover and successful early follower can be found in the market for arterial stents (a tube that opens arteries during angioplasty). Johnson and Johnson was the first to market in 1994 and initially captured 90% of the market. This success was short-lived. Three years later, Guidant introduced an improved stent and within 45 days had 70% of the market (http://www.fastcycle.com/htm/First%20Mover%20or%20Loser.htm). Many Japanese and Korean firms have been successful by entering into industries such as semiconductors, steel, and focusing on making them far more efficient. For example, several Korean firms (e.g., Samsung, Hyundai and Goldstar), became major players in the production of integrated circuits in little more than a decade (Mathews & Cho, Journal of World Business, Vol. 33, No. 4, Dec 1998). Other examples of late entry success would be IBM’s entry into the personal computing industry in 1982 and Target’s entry into retailing.
Students should come up with a variety of examples from their previous experience. Identifying successful first movers are tricky because for each example, it is usually possible to identify an earlier technological precursor that someone else might consider to be the first mover (this is related to the discussion in chapter 2 about most inventions really being recombinations of existing ideas. This can inspire some interesting discussion among students. The list of failed first movers and successful early followers is long easier to identify, for example (from Lasalle Systems Leasing White Paper Series, http://www.elasalle.com/IDC/importent.html).
Visicalc led in the creation of spreadsheet software, only to lose to Lotus 1-2-3 and later to Microsoft Excel.
The Xerox Star computer was the first PC with a graphical user interface. Has anyone heard of them?
The first Jet Airliner in passenger service was the DeHavilland Comet. Boeing and Airbus are now the leading firms.
An example of an initially successful (but ultimately unsuccessful) first mover and successful early follower can be found in the market for arterial stents (a tube that opens arteries during angioplasty). Johnson and Johnson was the first to market in 1994 and initially captured 90% of the market. This success was short-lived. Three years later, Guidant introduced an improved stent and within 45 days had 70% of the market (http://www.fastcycle.com/htm/First%20Mover%20or%20Loser.htm). Many Japanese and Korean firms have been successful by entering into industries such as semiconductors, steel, and focusing on making them far more efficient. For example, several Korean firms (e.g., Samsung, Hyundai and Goldstar), became major players in the production of integrated circuits in little more than a decade (Mathews & Cho, Journal of World Business, Vol. 33, No. 4, Dec 1998). Other examples of late entry success would be IBM’s entry into the personal computing industry in 1982 and Target’s entry into retailing.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..