Introduction
Currently, anions play an important role in a wide range of biological
and chemical processes. Among various anions, pyrophosphate
(PPi) has recently received attention because of its
ubiquity in biology and widespread use in various industrial applications.
PPi is a biologically important molecule because it is a
product of ATP hydrolysis under cellular conditions [1]. In addition,
PPi is involved in energy transduction, and it controls metabolic
processes in organisms by participating in various enzymatic reactions
[2,3]. It has been known that the level of phosphate-containing
metabolites in cells can be used as an indicator of dysfunction
or disorder in biological systems [4,5].