2. Modes of Operation
With the architecture depicted various operating modes for the vehicle can be achieved. These operating modes have been summarized in Table 1. During a typical driving mission, the HEV operates in both hybrid, and conventional modes [2]. This can be seen in the table below from the battery and assist the ICE with motoring the vehicle during four-wheel drive situations. The ISA shares similar options during Normal mode. Basically, the 4WD mode is merely a derivative of the Normal mode with the EM motoring and the ISA generating the electrical power needed (a series/parallel hybrid combination). The vehicle enters Deceleration mode when the driver uses the brakes to slow the vehicle. Here the concept of “Regenerative braking” is implemented. Regenerative braking involves the process of using the resistance between the field and armature of the EM to generate power to replenish the battery. As the driver applies the brake, for a set distance of pedal travel, the mechanical braking system does not activate and the EM absorbs torque off of the rear axle. This mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy and sent to the battery [6].With each of these, the fuel efficiency increases and the emissions decrease immensely. During the idle mode, and decelerating cases the ICE is be turned off, unless recharging of the battery requires this to drive the ISA to provide the necessary power (series HEV). The fuel efficiency can increase by as much as 10% simply by eliminating fuel flow to the ICE during braking and idling situations [5]. This concept accompanies the general rule that the EM should be used during launch and immediate power request situations [6]. This is because electric actuators can deliver high torque at low speeds while emitting no environmentally harmful by-products. This general rule is satisfied during Electric Launch mode when the EM motors (MOT.) the vehicle. After a set speed, the ICE turns on during the Engine Start mode [8]. Once the ICE is up to speed, the automatic transmission engages and the ICE becomes the primary actuator for vehicle propulsion. At this point, the vehicle enters the Normal mode. Between the Electric Launch and Normal mode, the HEV satisfies the constraints of being a parallel HEV as previously defined. Note that during Normal mode, the EM can be used to supply regenerative power to the battery; moreover, the EM can draw power.
Table 1.Vehicle Operating Modes [2]
Figure 1.Ohio State Challenge X Vehicle Architecture [5]
2. วิธีการดำเนินการWith the architecture depicted various operating modes for the vehicle can be achieved. These operating modes have been summarized in Table 1. During a typical driving mission, the HEV operates in both hybrid, and conventional modes [2]. This can be seen in the table below from the battery and assist the ICE with motoring the vehicle during four-wheel drive situations. The ISA shares similar options during Normal mode. Basically, the 4WD mode is merely a derivative of the Normal mode with the EM motoring and the ISA generating the electrical power needed (a series/parallel hybrid combination). The vehicle enters Deceleration mode when the driver uses the brakes to slow the vehicle. Here the concept of “Regenerative braking” is implemented. Regenerative braking involves the process of using the resistance between the field and armature of the EM to generate power to replenish the battery. As the driver applies the brake, for a set distance of pedal travel, the mechanical braking system does not activate and the EM absorbs torque off of the rear axle. This mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy and sent to the battery [6].With each of these, the fuel efficiency increases and the emissions decrease immensely. During the idle mode, and decelerating cases the ICE is be turned off, unless recharging of the battery requires this to drive the ISA to provide the necessary power (series HEV). The fuel efficiency can increase by as much as 10% simply by eliminating fuel flow to the ICE during braking and idling situations [5]. This concept accompanies the general rule that the EM should be used during launch and immediate power request situations [6]. This is because electric actuators can deliver high torque at low speeds while emitting no environmentally harmful by-products. This general rule is satisfied during Electric Launch mode when the EM motors (MOT.) the vehicle. After a set speed, the ICE turns on during the Engine Start mode [8]. Once the ICE is up to speed, the automatic transmission engages and the ICE becomes the primary actuator for vehicle propulsion. At this point, the vehicle enters the Normal mode. Between the Electric Launch and Normal mode, the HEV satisfies the constraints of being a parallel HEV as previously defined. Note that during Normal mode, the EM can be used to supply regenerative power to the battery; moreover, the EM can draw power.ตาราง 1.รถทำโหมด [2]รูป 1.รัฐโอไฮโอความท้าทาย X รถสถาปัตยกรรม [5]
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