Civil servants and professionals are widely trained in developed nations, and these staffs are helping to spread environmental management. Funding bodies often insist on environmental ‘soundness’ before they will support developments. However, it is not good for environmental management to come only from the North to the South. Expansion and evolution of environmental management must also take place in the South. That has started to happen, and new approaches have appeared in developing countries and spread worldwide – in particular, appropriate and intermediate technology solutions. Another promising area is the discovery by anthropologists and archaeologists of traditional farming strategies in the South that could be spread more widely there, and possibly in richer countries. In some cases the ideas may come from the South and then be upgraded or adapted for use elsewhere in the North. There is also a rich store of biodiversity in developing countries, the raw material for biotechnology, which the North also needs and should be made to adequately pay for