The morphologies of the textiles were observed by a SEM (JSM-6700, JEOL, Japan). The samples were coated with gold using a vacuum sputter coater before SEM use. The water contact angles (WCAs) of the samples were measured at ambient temperature on a video optical contact angle system (OCA 20, Dataphysics, Germany). All the contact angles were determined by averaging values measured at 5–6 different points on each sample surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded on a D/max 2200PC diffractometer in –2 configuration.