Because of the overall decrease in the incidence of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcer bleeding-associated mortality has also declined over the past 10 years. However, the case fatality rate has remained constant over time. Therefore, the observed reduction in the total number of deaths associated with hospitalizations due to gastrointestinal events is a result of the decreased number of upper gastrointestinal events and is probably related to our ability to prevent those complications but not to our capacity to improve the outcome of the gastrointestinal event, despite clear advances in endoscopic and pharmacological treatments for peptic ulcer bleeding